This paper describes a scenario-based methodology called the NeOn Methodology framework. The aim of this framework is to speed up the construction of ontologies and ontology networks by reusing available knowledge resources (ontologies, non-ontological resources and ontology design patterns). The methodology is founded on four pillars: (1) a glossary of processes and activities; (2) a set of nine scenarios for building ontologies and ontology networks; (3) two ontology life-cycle models; and (4) a set of prescriptive methodological guidelines for performing specific processes and activities. The paper also shows how to apply this methodology framework to develop an ontology network within the multimedia domain. Finally, it presents an empirical evaluation of the NeOn Methodology framework.
Barbosa, P., Guizzardi, R.S. & Guizardi, G. (2011). Using goal modeling to capture competency questions in ontology-based systems. Journal of Information and Data Management (JIDM), 2(3), 527–540.
2.
Barresi, S., Rezgui, Y., Lima, C. & Meziane, F. (2008). Semantic Resources Integration and Interoperability in the Construction Domain. Enterprise Information Systems (pp. 336–347). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
3.
Bloom, B. (Ed.) (1956). Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. Handbook I: Cognitive Domain. Addison-Wesley.
Byrne, E.J. (1992). A conceptual foundation for software re-engineering. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering (pp. 226–235). IEEE Computer Society.
6.
Clemente, J. (2011). Una Propuesta de Modelado del Estudiante Basada en Ontologías y Diagnóstico Pedagógico-Cognitivo no Monótono. PhD thesis, Facultad de Informática, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid.
7.
Clemente, J., Ramírez, J. & de Antonio, A. (2011). A proposal for student modeling based on ontologies and diagnosis rules. Expert Systems with Applications, 38(7), 8066–8078.
8.
d’Aquin, M. (2012). Modularizing ontologies. In M.C.Suárez-Figueroa, A.Gómez-Pérez, E.Motta and A.Gangemi (Eds.), Ontology Engineering in a Networked World (pp. 213–233). Springer. ISBN 978-3-642-24793-4.
9.
d’Aquin, M., Schlicht, A., Stuckenschmidt, H. & Sabou, M. (2007). Ontology modularization for knowledge selection: Experiments and evaluations. In 18th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications (DEXA 2007), Regensburg, Germany.
10.
de Hoog, R. (1998). Methodologies for building knowledge based systems: Achievements and prospects. In J.Liebowitz (Ed.), Handbook of Expert Systems, Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. Chapter 1.
11.
Dzbor, M., Suárez-Figueroa, M.C., Blomqvist, E., Lewen, H., Espinoza, M., Gómez-Pérez, A. & Palma, R. (2009). D5.6.2 experimentation and evaluation of the NeOn Methodology. NeOn project. Available at: http://www.neon-project.org.
12.
Egaña Aranguren, M., Antezana, E., Kuiper, M. & Stevens, R. (2008). Ontology design patterns for bio-ontologies: A case study on the cell cycle ontology. BMC Bioinformatics, 9(Suppl. 5), S1. doi:10.1186/1471-2105-9-S5-S1. Online ISSN: 1471-2105.
13.
Egaña, M., Rector, A., Stevens, R. & Antezana, E. (2008). Applying ontology design patterns in bio-ontologies. In Knowledge Engineering: Practice and Patterns, 16th International Conference, EKAW 2008. Lecture Notes in Computer ScienceAcitrezza, Italy, 29 September–2 October 2008 (Vol. 5268, pp. 7–16).
14.
Espinoza Mejía, M., Montiel-Ponsoda, E., Aguado de Cea, G. & Gómez-Pérez, A. (2012). Ontology localization. In M.C.Suárez-Figueroa, A.Gómez-Pérez, E.Motta and A.Gangemi (Eds.), Ontology Engineering in a Networked World (pp. 171–192). Springer. ISBN 978-3-642-24793-4.
15.
Euzenat, J. & Le Duc, C. (2012). Methodological guidelines for matching ontologies. In M.C.Suárez-Figueroa, A.Gómez-Pérez, E.Motta and A.Gangemi (Eds.), Ontology Engineering in a Networked World (pp. 257–278). Springer. ISBN 978-3-642-24793-4.
16.
Fernández-López, M., Gómez-Pérez, A. & Juristo, N. (1997). METHONTOLOGY: From ontological art towards ontological engineering. In Spring Symposium on Ontological Engineering of AAAI (pp. 33–40). Stanford, CA: Stanford Univ.
17.
Fernández-López, M., Gómez-Pérez, A., Pazos-Sierra, J. & Pazos-Sierra, A. (1999). Building a chemical ontology using methontology and the ontology design environment. IEEE Intelligent Systems, 14(1), 37–46.
18.
Fernández-López, M., Gómez-Pérez, A. & Suárez-Figueroa, M.C. (2013). Methodological guidelines for reusing general ontologies. Data & Knowledge Engineering, 86, 242–275.
19.
Francesconi, E., Montemagni, S., Peters, W. & Tiscornia, D. (2010). Integrating a bottom-up and top-down methodology for building semantic resources for the multilingual legal domain. In Semantic Processing of Legal Texts (pp. 95–121). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. ISBN 978-3-642-12836-3.
20.
Gangemi, A. (2005). Ontology design patterns for semantic web content. In Musenet al. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Fourth International Semantic Web Conference, Galway, Ireland. Springer.
21.
Gómez-Pérez, A., Fernández-López, M. & Corcho, O. (2003). Ontological Engineering. Advanced Information and Knowledge Processing Series. Springer. ISBN 1-85233-551-3.
22.
Gómez-Pérez, A. & Manzano-Macho, D. (2004). An overview of methods and tools for ontology learning from texts. Knowledge Engineering Review (KER), 19(3), 187–212.
23.
Gómez-Pérez, J.M., Méndez, V., Candini, J. & Muñoz, J.C. (2012). Electronic invoice management in the pharmaceutical sector: The PharmaInnova case. In M.C.Suárez-Figueroa, A.Gómez-Pérez, E.Motta and A.Gangemi (Eds.), Ontology Engineering in a Networked World (pp. 407–422). Springer. ISBN 978-3-642-24793-4.
24.
Grüninger, M. & Fox, M.S. (1995). Methodology for the design and evaluation of ontologies. In D.Skuce (Ed.), IJCAI’95 Workshop on Basic Ontological Issues in Knowledge Sharing.
25.
Haase, P., Rudolph, S., Wang, Y., Brockmans, S., Palma, R., Euzenat, J. & d’Aquin, M. (2006). NeOn deliverable D1.1.1. networked ontology model. NeOn project. Available at: http://www.neon-project.org/.
26.
Hodge, G. (2000). Systems of knowledge organization for digital libraries: Beyond traditional authority files. Available at: http://www.clir.org/pubs/reports/pub91/contents.html.
27.
Iqbal, R., Azrifah, M., Murad, A., Mustapha, A. & Sharef, N.M. (2013). An analysis of ontology engineering methodologies: A literature review. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 6(16), 2993–3000.
28.
Kitchenham, B. (1996). DESMET: A method for evaluating Software Engineering methods and tools. Technical Report TR96-09. ISSN: 1353-7776.
29.
Kutz, O., Mossakowski, T. & Lücke, D. (2010). Carnap, Goguen, and the hyperontologies: Logical pluralism and heterogeneous structuring in ontology design. Logica Universalis, 4(2), 255–333. Print ISSN: 1661-8297. Online ISSN: 1661-8300.
30.
Lamsfus, C., Alzua-Sorzabal, A., Martin, D., Salvador, Z. & Usandizaga, A. (2009). Human-centric ontology-based context modelling in tourism. In Proceedings of KEOD 2009 (pp. 424–434).
31.
Larman, C. (2002). Applying UML and Patterns: An Introduction to Object-Oriented Analysis and Design and the Unified Process (2nd edn.). Pearson Education, Inc.Publishing as Prentice Hall PTR. ISBN 0-13-092569-1.
32.
Lawrynowicz, A. & Palma, R. (2012). Applications of ontology design patterns in the transformation of multimedia repositories. In Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Ontology Patterns. CEUR Workshop Proceedings (Vol. 929). Boston, USA, 12 November 2012. Available at: http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-929/paper7.pdf.
33.
Melero, R., Penela, V. & Ruiz, C. (2010). Yes we lunch! In Demo Paper at 7th Extended Semantic Web Conference 2010 (ESWC2010).
34.
Noy, N.F. & McGuinness, D.L. (2001). Ontology development 101: A guide to creating your first ontology. Technical Report KSL-01-05, Stanford University Knowledge Systems Laboratory.
35.
Palma, R., Zablith, F., Haase, P. & Corcho, O. (2012). Ontology evolution. In M.C.Suárez-Figueroa, A.Gómez-Pérez, E.Motta and A.Gangemi (Eds.), Ontology Engineering in a Networked World (pp. 235–255). Springer. ISBN 978-3-642-24793-4.
36.
Palvia, P. & Nosek, J.T. (1990). An empirical evaluation of system development methodologies. Information Resources Management Journal, 3(3), 23–32.
37.
Pariente-Lobo, T. & Herrero-Cárcel, G. (2012). Integrating product information in the pharmaceutical sector. In M.C.Suárez-Figueroa, A.Gómez-Pérez, E.Motta and A.Gangemi (Eds.), Ontology Engineering in a Networked World (pp. 423–434). Springer. ISBN 978-3-642-24793-4.
38.
Penela, V. & Ruiz, C. (2010). Context Twitter: Living a social life. In Demo Paper at 7th Extended Semantic Web Conference 2010 (ESWC2010).
39.
Pinto, H.S., Tempich, C. & Staab, S. (2004). DILIGENT: Towards a fine-grained methodology for DIstributed, Loosely-controlled and evolvInG Engineering of oNTologies. In R.López de Mantaras and L.Saitta (Eds.), Proceedings of the 16th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI 2004), 22nd–27th August 2004 (pp. 393–397). Valencia, Spain: IOS Press. ISSN: 0922-6389. ISBN 1-58603-452-9.
40.
Presutti, V., Blomqvist, E., Daga, E. & Gangemi, A. (2012). Pattern-based ontology design. In M.C.Suárez-Figueroa, A.Gómez-Pérez, E.Motta and A.Gangemi (Eds.), Ontology Engineering in a Networked World (pp. 35–64). Springer. ISBN 978-3-642-24793-4.
41.
R Core Team (2014). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Available at: http://www.R-project.org/.
42.
Rao, L., Reichgelt, H. & Osei-Bryson, K. (2008). Knowledge elicitation techniques for deriving competency questions for ontologies. In Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems (ICEIS 2008), Barcelona, Spain, 12–16 June 2008 (Vol. ISAS-2, pp. 105–110). ISBN 978-989-8111-38-8.
43.
Rector, A., Drummond, N., Horridge, M., Rogers, J., Knublauch, H., Stevens, R., Wang, H. & Wroe, C. (2004). OWL pizzas: Practical experience of teaching OWL-DL: Common errors and common patterns. In Proceedings of EKAW 2004 (pp. 63–81). Springer.
44.
Sabou, M. & Fernandez, M. (2012). Ontology (network) evaluation. In M.C.Suárez-Figueroa, A.Gómez-Pérez, E.Motta and A.Gangemi (Eds.), Ontology Engineering in a Networked World (pp. 193–212). Springer. ISBN 978-3-642-24793-4.
45.
Simperl, E. & Luczak-Rösch, M. (2014). Collaborative ontology engineering: A survey. The Knowledge Engineering Review, 29, 101–131.
46.
Sommerville, I. (2007). Software Engineering (8th edn.). Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-321-31379-8.
47.
Staab, S., Schnurr, H.P., Studer, R. & Sure, Y. (2001). Knowledge processes and ontologies. IEEE Intelligent Systems, 16(1), 26–34.
48.
Stadlhofer, B., Salhofer, P. & Durlacher, A. (2013). An overview of ontology engineering methodologies in the context of public administration. In The Seventh International Conference on Advances in Semantic Processing, SEMAPRO 2013, Porto, Portugal (pp. 36–42).
49.
Stumme, G. (2009). Formal concept analysis. In Handbook on Ontologies (pp. 177–199). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
50.
Suárez-Figueroa, M.C. (2010). NeOn Methodology for building ontology networks: Specification, scheduling and reuse. PhD thesis, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain. Available at: http://oa.upm.es/3879/.
51.
Suárez-Figueroa, M.C. (2012). NeOn Methodology for Building Ontology Networks: Specification, Scheduling and Reuse. Dissertations in Artificial Intelligence (Vol. 338). IOS Press. ISBN 978-1-61499-115-1.
52.
Suárez-Figueroa, M.C., Aguado-de-Cea, G. & Gómez-Pérez, A. (2013). Lights and shadows in creating a glossary about ontology engineering. Terminology, 19(2), 202–236.
53.
Suárez-Figueroa, M.C., Blomqvist, E., d’Aquin, M., Espinoza, M., Gómez-Pérez, A., Lewen, H., Mozetic, I., Palma, R., Poveda, M., Sini, M., Villazón-Terrazas, B., Zablith, F. & Dzbor, M. (2009). NeOn deliverable D5.4.2. revision and extension of the NeOn Methodology for building contextualized ontology networks. NeOn project. Available at: http://www.neon-project.org.
54.
Suárez-Figueroa, M.C. & Gómez-Pérez, A. (2008). Building ontology networks: How to obtain a particular ontology network life cycle? In Proceedings of the International Conference on Semantic Systems (ISEMANTICS 2008) (pp. 142–149).
55.
Suárez-Figueroa, M.C., Gómez-Pérez, A., Motta, E. & Gangemi, A. (Eds.) (2012). Ontology Engineering in a Networked World. Springer. ISBN 978-3-642-24793-4.
56.
Taylor, J.C. (2008). Project Scheduling and Cost Control: Planning, Monitoring and Controlling the Baseline. J. Ross Publishing. ISBN 9781932159110.
57.
Tudorache, T., Nyulas, C., Noy, N.F. & Musen, M.A. (2013). WebProtégé: A collaborative ontology editor and knowledge acquisition tool for the web. Semantic Web, 4(1), 89–99.
58.
Villazón-Terrazas, B. (2012). A Method for Reusing and Re-engineering Non-ontological Resources for Building Ontologies. Studies on the Semantic Web (Vol. 12). AKA Verlag–IOS Press. ISBN 978-3-89838-666-1.
59.
Villazón-Terrazas, B., Ramírez, J., Suárez-Figueroa, M.C. & Gómez-Pérez, A. (2011). A network of ontology networks for building e-employment advanced systems. Expert Systems with Applications, 38(11), 13612–13624.
60.
Villazón-Terrazas, B., Suárez-Figueroa, M.C. & Gómez-Pérez, A. (2010). A pattern-based method for re-engineering non-ontological resources into ontologies. International Journal on Semantic Web and Information Systems, 6(4), 27–63.
